vocabulary unit 2, Galeria, TRANSPORT, III Semestr, angielski

urban /"3:.b@n/ US /"3`:-/ adjective [before noun]
of or in a city or town:

rural /"rU@.r@l/ US /"rUr.@l/ adjective
in, of or like the countryside:
The area is still very rural and undeveloped.
Compare urban.

rate (MEASURE) /reIt/ noun [C]
the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period:
Although she's recovering from her illness, her rate of progress is quite slow.
I told my assistants to work at their own rate.
The taxi was going at a tremendous rate.
the growth/inflation/mortality/unemployment, etc. rate
The drug has a high success/failure rate.
See also rate at rates.

pollute /p@"lu:t/ verb [T]
to make an area or substance, usually air, water or earth, dirty or harmful to people, animals and plants, especially by adding harmful chemicals:
The fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply.
We won't invest in any company that pollutes the environment.
FIGURATIVE Many Americans complain that broadcasters pollute the airwaves with violence, sensationalism and sleaze.

pollution /p@"lu:.S@n/ noun [U]
damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste:
air/water pollution
The manifesto includes tough measures to tackle road congestion and environmental pollution.

cosmopolitan /%kQz.m@"pQl.I.t@n/ US /%kA:z.m@"pA:.lI.ş@n/ adjective USUALLY APPROVING
containing or having experience of people and things from many different parts of the world:
New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.

cosmopolitan /%kQz.m@"pQl.I.t@n/ US /%kA:z.m@"pA:.lI.ş@n/ noun [C] USUALLY APPROVING
Lisa is a real cosmopolitan (= she has experience of many different parts of the world).

stun (SHOCK) /stVn/ verb [T] -nn-
to shock or surprise someone very much:
News of the disaster stunned people throughout the world.
She was stunned by the amount of support she received from well-wishers.

stunning /"stVn.IN/ adjective
All the ideas have a stunning simplicity.
See also stunning.

abandon (LEAVE) /@"b{n.d@n/ verb [T]
to leave a place, thing or person forever:
We had to abandon the car.
By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had already been abandoned.
As a baby he'd been abandoned by his mother.
We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to abandon ship.

abandoned /@"b{n.d@nd/ adjective
An abandoned baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.

abandonment /@"b{n.d@n.m@nt/ noun [U]
The abandonment of the island followed nuclear tests in the area.

mindless /"maInd.l@s/ adjective DISAPPROVING

1 stupid and meaningless:
The film is full of mindless violence.
pop songs with mindless lyrics

2 not needing much mental effort:
I'm afraid it's fairly mindless work - opening mail and keying data into a computer.

congested /k@n"dZes.tId/ adjective

1 too blocked or crowded and causing difficulties

2 describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult

3 describes someone who cannot breathe through their nose because it is blocked, usually during an infection

4 describes lungs or other body parts that have become too full of blood or other liquid

congestion /k@n"dZes.tS@n/ noun [U]
The (traffic) congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.
This spray helps to ease nasal congestion.

poll (OPINION) /p@Ul/ US /poUl/ noun [C]
a study in which people are asked for their opinions about a subject or person:
We're carrying out/conducting a poll to find out what people think about abortion.
The latest opinion poll puts the Democrats in the lead.

commission (WORK) /k@"mIS.@n/ verb [T]
to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work:
The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the worst excesses of the fashion industry.

commission /k@"mIS.@n/ noun [C]
a request to do a special piece of work:
[+ to infinitive] She's just got a commission to paint Sir Ellis Pike's wife.
Do you do/take commissions?

misbehave /%mIs.bI"heIv/ verb [I]

1 to behave badly:
I was always getting in trouble for misbehaving at school.

2 If machines misbehave, they do not operate as they should:
If computer circuits are allowed to overheat they will misbehave .

misbehaviour UK, US misbehavior /%mIs.bI"heI.vj@r/ US /-vj@`/ noun [U]
The school expelled him for persistent misbehaviour.

establish (START) /I"st{b.lIS/ verb [T often passive]
to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time:
The brewery was established in 1822.
These methods of working were established in the last century.

survey (QUESTIONS) /"s3:.veI/ US /"s3`:-/ noun [C]
an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions:
A recent survey found/revealed/showed that 58% of people did not know where their heart is.
to conduct/carry out/do a survey

survey /"s3:.veI/ US /"s3`:-/ verb [T]
to ask people questions in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour:
The researchers surveyed the attitudes of 2500 college students.
Many of the listeners surveyed said that they were not satisfied with the station's programmes.

immune /I"mju:n/ adjective

1 protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood:
Most people who've had chicken pox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives.
He seems to be immune to colds - he just never gets them.

2 [after verb] not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion:
The press had criticised her so often that in the end she had become immune (to it).

3 [after verb] not able to be punished or damaged by something:
Journalists, he insisted, must be immune (= protected) from prosecution.

immunity /I"mju:.nI.ti/ US /-@.şi/ noun [U]
when you are immune, especially to disease or from legal action:
The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.
He was granted immunity from prosecution because he confessed the names of the other spies.

rank (POSITION) /r{Nk/ noun [C or U]

1 a position in an organization, such as the army, showing the importance of the person having it:
senior/high/junior/low rank
He has just been promoted to the rank of captain.
Ministers of Cabinet rank receive a higher salary than other ministers.
Having a large income is one of the advantages of rank (= high position).

2 a particular position, higher or lower than others:
He's in the front/first rank of (= one of the best) international tennis players.
Consumer preferences were placed in rank order from 1 to 5.

rank /r{Nk/ verb [I or T; usually + adverb or preposition]
to have a position higher or lower than others, or to be considered to have such a position:
A captain ranks (= has a position) above a lieutenant.
My entry was ranked third in the flower show.
She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf.
In my opinion, he ranks among the theatre's greatest actors.
She said that 1989 must rank as (= be) the most remarkable year for change in Europe since 1848.

ranking /"r{n.kIN/ noun [C]
a rank or level, for example in a competition:
Last year Wiseman rose from 266 to 35 in the tennis world rankings.
The city's housing costs were enough to earn it a ranking of 66th nationally.

priority /praI"Qr.I.ti/ US /-"O:r.@.şi/ noun [C or U]
something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things:
The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority.
My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live.
You have to learn to get your priorities right/straight (= decide which are the most important jobs or problems and deal with them first).
Mending the lights is a priority task (= more important than other jobs).
Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans (= They deal with them first because they consider them most important).
Official business requirements obviously take/have priority ...