vocabulary techniczne

window sill

Level member at the bottom of a window opening.

stud

Vertical member used in walls to support the double plate and to which the wall covering is attached.

girder

Especially strong level member transferring the load above it to its supporting wall.

ledger

Level member located along a girder and supporting the ends of the floor joists.

brace

Vertical or diagonal member used to strengthen the studs and to keep them from deforming.

bridging

Structure composed of two members forming an X and placed between the joists to reinforce them and keep them from deforming.

floor joist

Level member resting on a ledger and a sill plate and intended to support the floor.

end joist

Member perpendicular and attached to the floor joists at their ends to form the exterior framework.

corner stud

Strong stud located at the corner of the frame.

footing

Spread-footing section supporting the foundation wall; it is usually made of cement.

foundation

Part of the wall located below ground level and wider than the wall itself, which it supports; it is usually made of cement.

sill plate

Member anchored to the top of the foundation wall; the floor joists and the end joists rest on it.

strut

Member placed between two studs to keep them evenly spaced and to increase stability and strength.

subfloor

Planks or plywood laid on floor joists; the floor covering is in turn laid on it.
 

sheathing

Wall covering attached directly to the frame serving as a base or support upon which to nail other facings.

rafter

Diagonal frame member of a sloped roof resting against the tie beam and the double plate; it supports the roof.

tie beam

Beam forming the hip of a sloped roof and against which the rafters rest.

header

Level member at the top of a window opening; it also transfers the vertical loads it supports to the contiguous gable studs.

gable stud

Vertical member of a frame transferring the roof’s load to the double plate.

double plate

Level double member attached to the top ends of the studs; it also supports ceiling joists and rafters.

ceiling joist

Level member to which the ceiling sheathing is attached; for a sloped ceiling, it is usually attached to the rafters.

 

Roof

strut

Diagonal member supporting the principal rafter, joining it to the junction of the king post and the ridge beam.

ridge beam

Level member at the base of a truss upon which the side posts and the king post rest; these in turn support the principal rafters.

side post

Small vertical member supporting the principal rafter.

king post

Vertical member supporting the tie beam and joining the principal rafters to the ridge beam.

principal rafter

Diagonal member of a roof truss; it functions as a rafter.

Foundation

baseboard

Plank of wood protruding from the base of a wall; it covers the joint between the floor and the wall.

molding

Finishing molding attached to the baseboard where it meets the floor; its cross-section is a quarter circle.

wood flooring

A room’s decorative floor covering made of wooden squares or strips of wood.

floor joist

Level member resting on a ledger and a sill plate and intended to support the floor.

end joist

Member perpendicular and attached to the floor joists at their ends to form the exterior framework.

sill plate

Member anchored to the top of the foundation wall; the floor joists and the end joists rest on it.

footing

Spread-footing section supporting the foundation wall; it is usually made of cement.

drain tile

Perforated pipe draining water from the soil; it also protects the foundation from frost and pressure caused by wet soil.

gravel

Bed of small stones absorbing smaller particles found in water to prevent them from blocking the drain; it also keeps the drain in place.

foundation

Part of the wall located below ground level and wider than the wall itself, which it supports; it is usually made of cement.

sill

Level member to which the bottom ends of the studs are attached.

insulating material

Material impeding heat loss to the outdoors or the cold from entering.

 

brick wall

Exterior facing of a frame usually composed of blocks made from baked clay.

wall stud

Vertical member used in walls to support the double plate; the facing is attached to it.

subfloor

Planks or plywood laid on floor joists; the floor covering is in turn laid on it.

sheathing

Wall covering attached directly to the frame serving as a base or support upon which to nail other facings.

 

Wood flooring on cement screed

cement screed

Cement layer ensuring the evenness of the room’s floor.

glue

Adhesive used to fix the wood flooring to the cement screed.

insulating material

Layer under the cement screed that dampens impact noises; it is usually made of felt or cork.

floorboard

Small piece of wood that forms decorative panels when assembled with others of the same type.

 

Wood floor

oist

Level member resting on a ledger and a sill plate and intended to support the floor.

subfloor

Planks or plywood laid on floor joists; the floor covering is in turn laid on it.

floorboard

Strip of wood that forms a pattern when assembled with others.

Stairs

starting step

Bottom step in a flight of stairs.

step groove

Width of the staircase.

newel post

Strong post at the top or bottom of a staircase supporting the handrail.

baseboard

Plank of wood protruding from the base of a wall; it hides the joint between the floor and the wall.

banister

Small piece of wood supporting the handrail and providing safety.

run

Width of a step as measured between two successive risers, excluding the nosing.

open stringer

Diagonal piece of wood cut to fit the steps and risers and supporting the ends of the steps at the banister.

flight of stairs

Set of steps lying between two floors, two landings or a floor and a landing.

closed stringer

Diagonal piece of notched wood supporting steps and risers and enclosing their ends.

landing

Platform between two flights of stairs or at the top of a staircase.

handrail

Top part of a guard for gripping when climbing or descending a staircase.

goose-neck

Decorative detail at the end of a handrail.

cap

Adornment for the top of a newel post.

guard

Set of bars and a handrail bordering the stairs or the open side of a landing.

 

Electricity

fuse

Electric connection device devised for interrupting the current in the event of electric overload by melting one of its components.

 

distribution panel

Set of devices forming the junction of the public electricity grid and the electric circuits of a dwelling.

 

service box

Metal box containing the main switch.

main switch

Mechanism allowing a dwelling’s current to be cut off.

electricity meter

Device measuring the consumption of electricity by a dwelling.

 

distributor service loop

Set of conductors extending the distribution line to the customer’s connection point.

ground wire

Metal conductor inserted into the ground ensuring that accidental electric leakages are conducted to the earth.

low-tension distribution line

Overhead electricity-distribution line with a maximum tension of 750 volts; its conductors are located under the transformer.

 

medium-tension distribution line

Overhead electricity-distribution lines with tension between 750 and 50,000 volts; its conductors are located at the top of the poles.

 

neutral conductor

Conductor of a distribution line that, connected to a neutral point of the grid, returns the current.

supply point

Place where the customer’s service entrance is connected to the low-tension distribution line.

customer’s service entrance

The customer’s portion of the electric hookup: from the service box to the connection point.

connection point

Place where the customer’s electric hookup is connected to the electric grid.

phase conductor

Live wire conducting the electric current.

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